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Adhyatma Ramayana (Devanāgarī: अध्यात्म रामायण, IAST: Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa, lit. 'Spiritual Ramayana') is a 13th- to 15th-century Sanskrit text that allegorically interprets the story of Hindu epic Ramayana in the Advaita Vedanta framework.[1][2][3] It is embedded in the latter portion of Brahmānda Purana.[4] The Hindu tradition attributes the text to the Bhakti movement saint Ramananda.[1]
The text consists of 7 books, 65 chapters and 4,500 verses in the form of a dialogue between Shiva and Parvati.[5][1] Adhyatama Ramayana contains the ideal characteristics of Rama and the precepts related to devotion, knowledge, dispassion, adoration and good conduct. Rama is presented as the supreme Brahman in the text, while the struggles of Sita and him are re-interpreted in an abstract spiritual form.[2] The allegory inspired several later versions of the Ramayana story in languages like Awadhi (Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas), Odia, Bengali and Malayalam version by Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan.[6][3]
Name[edit]
Ramayanam In Telugu
The word Adhyatma (Sanskrit: अध्यात्म) means 'transcendental, relating to Atman (self, soul)'.[7]
Significance[edit]
Adhyatma Ramayana represents the story of Rama in a spiritual context. The text constitutes over 35% of the chapters of Brahmanda Purana, often circulated as an independent text in the Vaishnavism tradition,[8] and is an Advaita Vedanta treatise of over 65 chapters and 4,500 verses.[4][9][10]
The text represents Rama as the Brahman (metaphysical reality), mapping all saguna (attributes) of Rama to the nirguna nature (ultimate unchanging attributeless virtues and ideals).[10] Adhyatma Ramayana raises every mundane activity of Rama to a spiritual or transcendent level, the story into symbolism, thus instructing the seeker to view his or her own life through the symbolic vision for his soul, where the external life is but a metaphor for the eternal journey of the soul in Advaita terminology.[10]
The book is aimed to be used as a guide and a ready source of instruction for a spiritual seeker, as it presents the Ramayana as a divine allegory. The text influenced the popular Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas.[8][10]
Overview[edit]
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The Adhyatma Ramayana is organized into seven Kandas, or chapters:
1. Bal Kand - This chapter begins with the description of Brahmaswarup, the cosmic and celestial appearance of Lord Rama as an avatar of Vishnu, who descended to earth as a human being to remove rakshasas(demons) such as Ravana. It includes Rama's childhood and the story of Ahilya's deliverance by Rama.
2. Ayodhya Kand - Life in Ayodhya, including Rama's exile, the death of his father Dasarath, etc.
3. Aranya Kand - The forest (Aranya) chapter, which includes the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana.
4. Kishkindha Kand - the episode of Kishkindha. This chapter describes the killing of Bali, and the initiation of the active search for Sita.
5. Sundar Kand - details Hanuman's arrival and activities in Lanka.
6. Lanka Kand - corresponding to the Yuddha Kanda of the Valmiki Ramayana. It contains details of the battles between Rama's armies and Ravana, the killing of Ravana, and the coronation of Rama upon his return to Ayodhya from Lanka.
7. Uttar Kand - Epilogue. It includes the banishment of Sita, the birth of Lava and Kusha - the sons of Rama and Sita - and Rama's departure from the earth to Vaikuntha, the abode of Lord Vishnu. The fifth adhyaya (sub-chapter) of the Uttar Kanda describes a conversation between Lord Rama and his brother Lakshmana, often referred to as the Rama Gita (the song of Rama). It is essentially an Advaitic philosophical work.[11]
Translations[edit]
- Bhanubhakta Acharya translated Ramayan from Sanskrit to Nepali.
- Swami Tapasyananda, Adhyatma Ramayana, Original Sanskrit, with English Translation, Sri Ramakrishna Math, Madras. 1985.
- Baij Nath Puri, Lala Baij Nath. The Adhyatma Ramayana, Cosmo Publications, 2005. ISBN81-7755-895-1.
- Beladakere Suryanarayana Shastri, Adhyatma Ramayana, Kannada translation with Sanskrit original, Shri Jayachamaraja Granthamala, Series 47, Mysore, 1948.
- Subir Kumar Sen, Adhyatma Ramayanam from Sanskrit to English, Shastra Dharma Prachar Sabha, 2012. ISBN978-81-920022-1-7
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abcRocher 1986, pp. 157-159.
- ^ abRamdas Lamb (2012). Rapt in the Name: The Ramnamis, Ramnam, and Untouchable Religion in Central India. State University of New York Press. pp. 28–33. ISBN978-0-7914-8856-0.
- ^ abPaula Richman (2008). Ramayana Stories in Modern South India: An Anthology. Indiana University Press. pp. 17–18, 40. ISBN0-253-21953-1.
- ^ abRocher 1986, pp. 158-159 with footnotes, Quote: 'Among the texts considered to be connected with the Brahmanda, the Adhyatma-ramayana is undoubtedly the most important one'.
- ^Winternitz 1922, pp. 578-579.
- ^Rocher 1986, pp. 158-159.
- ^Adhyātma, Sanskrit-English Digital Lexicon, Koeln University, Germany (2011)
- ^ abJohn Nicol Farquhar (1920). An Outline of the Religious Literature of India. Oxford University Press. pp. 324–325.
- ^Winternitz 1922, p. 552.
- ^ abcdRC Prasad (1989). Tulasīdāsa's Sriramacharitmanasa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. xiv–xv, 875–876. ISBN978-81-208-0443-2.
- ^Adhyatma Ramayanaadvaita-vedanta.org
- Puri, Baij Nath. The Adhyatma Ramayana, Cosmo Publications, 2005. ISBN81-7755-895-1.
- Williams, Joanna. The Two-Headed Deer: Illustrations of the Ramayana in Orissa. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1996.
- Richman, Paula, editor. Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1991.
- Bagchi, P. C., Introduction to Adhyatmaramayanam, Page 76.
- F. Whaling, The Rise of the Religious Significance of Rama, Page 113.
- J. L. Brockington, Righteous Rama: The Evolution of an Epic, Page 252-57.
- Rocher, Ludo (1986). The Puranas. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN978-3447025225.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wilson, H. H. (1864). The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition (Volume 1: Introduction, Book I). Read Country Books (reprinted in 2006). ISBN1-84664-664-2.
- Winternitz, Maurice (1922). History of Indian Literature Vol 1 (Original in German, translated into English by VS Sarma, 1981). New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint 2010). ISBN978-8120802643.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
' Ramayana kathaganam- adyatma ramayana visishtata ' by M.S.Rani Prameela Devi
'saraswata vyasamulu ' by Nori Narasimha sastri
External links[edit]
- The Adhyatma Ramayan from the Brahmanda Purana as included in the Upodhatapada section; English translation by G. V. Tagare [proofread] (includes glossary)
Ramayanam oka goppa ithihasam… Idhi chadivina vaallaki manishi yelaa untaadalo thelusthundi ani mana peddhalu antaaru… Yemi anna, yela anna aa story lu bhale untaay guru… Meeru yeppudayina oka vishyam alochinchaaro ledho gaani, idhigo ammayilu meeru kooda… Mana Valmiki gaaru maanchi innovative gaa gaallo yegire vimanaalanu, 8 adugula aajanubaahulanu, shakthulu, vaallaki bhakthulu unde characters ni petti oka creative fictional fantasy movie ki story raasinattu untundhi naaku ayithe… Kondharu katha gaano, leka Devudi Charithra gaano, naalantodu inkolaano theesukunnaa kooda Ramayanam anedhi nijamga oka manchi Pusthakam…
Ayithe ippudu matter yentante, mana Ramayanam lo motham 7 parts untaayi… Vaatini Kandaaalu antaaru, okko part ni okko kandam ani pilustaaru, sub parts Sarga ani antaaru… Idhi anadhariki theliyakapovacchu… Kaani nan tharay… Nenu unnaa kadhaa… Chepthaa chepthaa… Alaage aa 7 parts ki mana point of view lo mana suit ayye Telugu movie titles pedithe… Aha pedithe yenti ani… Apt ayyela set chesaanu kindha… Meeru oo look veyyandi chepthaa… Meeru veyyandi…
Note: Masteruu, Madam… Naaku poorthi gowravam, nammakam, avagahana Ramayanam meedha unnayi kabatte raasaanu… Andharuu ilaa ayina aa Kandam lu yenti, vaatilo asalu matter yenti anedhi ilaa ayinaa thelusukuntaarani aasisthu…. Naa chetha aa Ramude raayinchaadani anukuntuu… Jai Sriram…
1) Bala Kandam (“సీతమ్మ అందాలు – రామయ్య సిత్రాలు”)
Manaki ee part lone Ramayya and brothers birth, education, next Swayamvaram… Seethamma kanipinchedi kooda ee part lone… Marriage kooda ayipothundhi… Ika vaalle main attraction kadhaa…
2) Ayodhya Kandam (“నాన్నకు ప్రేమతో”)
Asalu Kaikeyi maatha ki Dasaradhudu icchina maata, aame korina korike kadhaa ee Ramayanaanaiki turning point, access to main plot… Papam Ramayya Nanna meedha prematho, Nanna maata neggalani thanu vellipoyaadu…
3) Aranya Kandam : (“అనుకోకుండా ఒక రోజు”)
Vana vaasaaniki vacchaaru… Yedho alaa alaa gadipesthunnaam anna time lo main Villain enter ayyaadu… Mari aa peddhayana, adhe Ravan ji aham tho recchipoyi, sacchipothaam ani theliyaka ika anukunnantha pani chesindhi indhulone… Aa roju sketch yesi Ramayya ni, Lakshmanudu ni mislead chesaadu… Seethamma ni theesukellipoyaadu…
Ramayanam Telugu Movie
4) Kishkindha Kandam (“స్నేహం కోసం”)
Mana boss Anjeneyudu ee part lone manaki kanipinchedhi… Mana boss lo unna power ni orey abbayi idhi ra nuvvu ante mana Ramayya cheppaaru… Ika Vaali vadha, Sugreevudi tho meeting lu tharuvatha ika Seethamma kosam Ramadhandu kadhilindhi… Indhulo main thing yentante Sugreevudi kosam Ramayya chettu chaatu nundi kottalsi vacchindhi mari… Dheeni gurinchi yenni saarlu debate manollaki…
5) Sundara Kandam : (“ఒకేఒక్కడు”)
Lankaa dahanam guruvu gaaru… Mana boss Anjeneyudu ika 7 samudraalu daatesi, Seethamma dhaggariki vellochi Ramayya ki cheppe episdoe anthaa ee part ye…. Anthamandhi lo aayane velkagaligaaru akkadiki… Ee part antha mana boss gurinche mari…
6) Yuddha Kandam : (“సీత”)
Bridge kadathaaru, War, Ravan ji hush fatak, Seethamma Ramayya dhaggariki cheripovadam, Agni pravesam jaragadam, Return to Ayodhya, Pattabhishekam… Biggest part idhe… Anni unnayantaane ardham ayi untundhi meeku… Ayithe seethamma agni pravesam chesi bayataku raavadame yuddham kanna kooda chaala impact ful thing ga anipistundi… Chaala mandhiki kopam kooda vacchina sandarbham kooda… Ika Seethamme highlight ee chapter lo…
7) Utthara Kandam: (“తండ్రి కొడుకుల ఛాలెంజ్”)
Mallii anthaa baagundhi anna time lo Seethamma ni mallii adavulaki… Lava Kusa la birth, Lava Kusa cinema ne inka… Seethamma Bhoomi loki vellipoyevaraku ee part… Very sad one… Kaani indhulo seethamma vellioovadam yentha mukhyamayina ghattamo, Lava Kusa lu thdrithone yuddham cheyyadam anthe mukhyamayinadhi…
Adhanna maata sangathi… Meeku chaala upayogapadindhe ayi untundhi ani, meeru yenthokontha Ramayanam gurinchi thelusunkune untaaru ani bhaavisthu… Ika selavu…